Whether you have a desktop computer or an internet-enabled cell phone, it’s important to know the basics of the Internet. The Internet is an open network, which means anyone can connect to it. There are different types of networks, including the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), and the ARPANET.
TCP/IP protocol
Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, the TCP/IP protocol is one of the most popular network protocols today. It enables multiple computers to communicate on the Internet. It is capable of sending and receiving both bidirectional binary file transfers. It is compatible with most computer platforms, and is used as a standard protocol for Internet connections.
The TCP/IP stack is composed of a few layers. It includes the most basic layer, the transport layer, and the most advanced layer, the application layer. The TCP component of the protocol is a data transmission and error-checking system. It also determines which packets are routed to which destinations based on the destination addresses.
The TCP/IP stack is topped off with a packet filtering firewall. This device is responsible for allowing all outgoing connections, as well as blocking all incoming ones. This device uses a three-way handshake to determine how a connection is started. The router identifies the best routes to send messages to its neighboring routers.
The best part about the TCP/IP protocol is that it supports a wide variety of applications. Using this protocol, two computers can share files, make phone calls, and even play video games. Aside from being able to handle a wide range of applications, TCP/IP is also a powerhouse when it comes to accuracy.
In the realm of communication, TCP/IP trumps the competition. Its ability to deliver data reliably is the reason it has gained popularity as the best data transmission protocol available. The TCP/IP is a must have for anyone who wishes to connect to the World Wide Web. In the past, each vendor had its own protocol for communicating inside their own computers. It wasn’t until the TCP/IP was introduced that computers could communicate with each other.
Web 2.0 concept
Earlier used as a synonym for the semantic web, Web 2.0 refers to a new generation of Internet-based services. It emphasizes interaction and interoperability.
While the Internet has always been a place where individuals share information, it is in the Web 2.0 era that the user becomes active and more involved in the process. Sites like Google’s search engine are built around user interactions.
The Internet has become a place where users can produce content, including video, audio, and writing. It also allows for group participation. The social nature of Web 2.0 has a positive effect on the online world. The use of these technologies can increase productivity.
A number of recently-developed technologies contribute to the Web 2.0 concept. These include Ajax programming, which uses JavaScript to update selected portions of a page without reloading.
The concept of Web 2.0 also reflects changes in the way web pages are designed. The hypertext transfer protocol is a fundamental tool for these interactions. It establishes a communication between the browser and the server. During these communications, the user can send information back to the server and receive more targeted information.
Other aspects of Web 2.0 include social networking, wikis, and folksonomies. These tools are used to build collective classification of information. The most well-known example of a wiki is Wikipedia, which has over two million articles.
These sites are often hosted by social networks and allow users to exchange posts and comments. They are designed to transform the experience of many visitors. They also encourage the user to rely on the browser’s user interface and application software.
The interactivity of the Web 2.0 concept has made it possible for a variety of web services to take off. Using these tools can help businesses streamline communication.
ARPANET
Originally known as ARPANET, this network was created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as a way to communicate and share information digitally. It was the foundation of the modern internet. It was the first wide area packet-switched network.
In the early stages, computer generated traffic was sparse. The designers used strategies like layering to hide basic system functions at different levels.
One of the early uses of the internet was the invention of the email. This is a simple program that sends electronic mail over the ARPANET. The program was written by Ray Tomlinson. It also had a ‘user@host’ convention.
Another early use of the Internet was the development of the Transmission Control Protocol. This was a network protocol developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The protocol later evolved to become the Internet Protocol.
The Transmission Control Protocol is one of the most important developments in the development of the internet. It helped lead to the creation of the TCP/IP protocol, which is now used by any computer connected to the internet.
While the TCP/IP protocol is the most widely used, it was not the first protocol to be used on the internet. In fact, the original version of the ARPANET used four Interface Message Processors. These were essentially basic routers. They were installed at the University of California, Santa Barbara; the University of Utah; the Stanford Research Institute; and the University of Indiana.
It is also noteworthy that the first IMP was delivered before any commercial Internet service providers began to emerge. The IMP was built from a Honeywell DDP 516 computer with 12K of memory.
The TCP/IP protocol has become so widely used that it is considered the backbone of the modern Internet. It offers standardization and allows any computer to connect to the Internet.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Founded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international group that develops technical standards for the web. These standards are used by the various web browsers. It helps websites to be accessible to different devices.
The organization also promotes interoperability by providing open protocols. Its goal is to lead the web to its full potential. It has several hundred member organizations. Some of its projects include the semantic web and the web of data.
The organization has offices around the world. In 1997, the organization started to create regional offices, which now have eighteen worldwide. Each office is responsible for promoting W3C technologies in its local language.
W3C has also launched a series of MOOCs, or Massive Open Online Courses. These courses teach web developers new skills.
The World Wide Web Consortium has a staff team of around 80 people worldwide. Its work is funded through donations, research grants, and sponsorships.
The organization’s standards are used in the various Web browsers and are vetted by experts. It has produced forty technical specifications in seven years. Its standards maintain a high level of technical quality on the Web.
W3C also has a number of research centers around the world. These are located in France, Japan, and the U.S. They work with local web communities to promote the use of W3C technologies. They have also developed the WebPlatform Docs, which are documentations that are available to the public.
The organization encourages industry members to collaborate and work together to produce the most effective standards. In addition, the organization helps to keep web development standards in line with the needs of the civil society.
IPv6
Almost every device that is connected to the Internet now has a unique IPv6 address. This address is globally unique and allows each device to be directly addressed from any other device.
IPv6 is a packet-switched internetworking protocol. It is designed to deal with the rapid growth of the Internet. It is also designed to be extensible. It supports more addresses than IPv4. The design of IPv6 was based on experience gained with IPv4.
The first 40 octets of an IPv6 packet contain a header. This header contains the destination and source addresses, a type of optional payload, a hop count, and traffic class. It may be followed by additional extension headers that implement special features. Some of these include Mobility, Encapsulated Security Payload, Host Identity Protocol, and Destination Options. These are only added if they are needed.
IPv6 is the next generation of the Internet Protocol (IP), which is used at the network layer of the OSI model. It is a packet-switched internetworking technology that enables end-to-end datagram transmission across multiple IP networks.
The IPv6 protocol is built upon the design principles of IPv4. These include a fixed header length of 40 bytes, hierarchical routing, and global routing. These features simplify router packet processing. They also make it possible to implement hierarchical address allocation methods. This method can improve routing efficiency.
Unlike IPv4, IPv6 does not need Network Address Translation (NAT). Instead, it places responsibility for packet fragmentation on end points. It is therefore more efficient and effective. This allows service providers to scale their networks. It can also help solve pain problems without having to migrate the entire network.
The new address architecture of IPv6 will write the next chapter in the evolution of the IP model. It has been carefully developed to handle the demanding requirements of services, while at the same time providing greater flexibility.
