Whether you’re looking for soft, durable, or eco-friendly, tissue paper can be a great choice for you. It’s a lightweight, lightweight paper that is often made with recycled paper pulp.
Absorbency
Using advanced technologies, tissue paper manufacturers are able to produce high quality, absorbent and stretchable products. They also have the ability to understand their products’ actual value. This can help them to set product targets, determine upgrade potential, and increase market transparency.
The study found that tissue paper products that were manufactured with advanced technologies have better wet tensile energy absorption than products that were manufactured with conventional technologies. This is a result of improved fiber strength and absorbency and higher stretchability.
The study also found that a measure of stiffness is a useful indication of a product’s softness. This is because the stiffness of the paper web is influenced by machine technology and chemical composition.
For example, products with lower apparent density had larger air spaces between fibers. This resulted in less inter-fiber bonding and better bulk softness. Products with higher apparent density had smaller air spaces, a smaller bulk, and lower stiffness.
As for the other obvious and most significant function of the paper web, wet tensile energy absorption was a key property in tissue paper. The paper’s ability to absorb water is one of the most important properties of the paper and can be used as a differentiator for consumers. Moreover, products that have higher wet tensile energy absorption tend to be stretchable, enabling them to absorb more energy than products with lower wet tensile energy absorption.
In addition to these properties, the study also found that products with higher absorbency had a larger surface area. These larger surface areas provided greater absorbency. The number of plies in a product also had an effect on its absorbency. Products that had plies manufactured with different technologies had intermediate absorbency and wet tensile energy absorption.
Softness
Several methods are used to determine the softness of tissue paper. These methods can be externally applied, such as a handfeel panel test, or internally applied by companies. In many cases, companies do not publish internal methods for testing softness.
The softness of hygienic tissue is based on the physical properties of the fibers and the way they are processed and manufactured. The physical properties of the fibers include their density and the aspect ratio. Softwood fibers have twice the aspect ratio of hardwoods. Depending on the fiber composition, the paper may be soft or stiff.
A handfeel panel test is the most reliable method of measuring softness. Panel tests are performed by a panel of testers, who are asked to rate sheets in order of softness. The panelists may also be asked to score the samples according to softness references.
Another method used for evaluating softness is the out-of-plane elastic modulus. However, this method is not heavily relied upon for standard softness measurements.
Other softness metrics include the surface friction component and the tactile component. These components show the best correlation to overall softness. However, these metrics are relatively complex to measure. They are affected by the topography and periodicity of the surface.
A number of techniques have been developed over the years to determine the softness of tissue. Many of these methods involve modeling softness, using measurements from instruments that are not specifically designed for softness evaluation.
One method developed by the pulp and paper industry is an ultrasonic testing method. Another method uses a lamellar corpuscle, which vibrates at 250 Hz. This method is very popular for softness evaluation because it is inexpensive and fast.
Another softness measurement method used in the papermaking industry is the crepe count. This method involves counting the number of crepes in the sample. The more crepes, the smoother the surface.
Staining
Using a stain to highlight tissue structures is an important step in the process of diagnosing disease. Stains, especially the silver-based variety, can highlight important structures within the tissue. A classic procedure, like Gram staining, can yield some impressive results.
Using the appropriate stain will help you identify and diagnose a wide variety of conditions. Many larger laboratories use automated instruments for this purpose. The staining process involves cutting the tissue into sections, fixing them onto microscope slides, and applying a stain. The process can be labor intensive and can increase the overall costs and time required for diagnosis.
The staining process also introduces contrast into the tissue. For example, red blood cells are nearly colorless when they are not stained. The same is true for many other cells. Stains can also be used to detect alterations in cellular physiology. For example, staining proteins in a red blood cell with Eosin will show them in pink.
Special stains are used to highlight specific elements within a tissue or to indicate the presence of a certain microorganism. Examples include immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. They are not as automated as H&E staining.
Several modern techniques exploit recent developments in molecular biology to stain tissue cells. For example, immunohistochemistry can target specific proteins in tissue cells and is used to detect the presence of bacteria in a sample. In situ hybridization can target DNA and RNA sequences in tissue cells.
The chemistry behind the staining process is complex. Some reagents require refrigeration and dark storage. Some of the reagents are also light-sensitive. For example, the dye must permeate endospores before staining can take place. The staining process can take place in a tube if the reagents can be heated.
Durability
Various techniques are employed in the industry to improve the softness of tissue paper. These techniques include using different fibers, adding chemical additives, and using de-bonding agents.
Tissue papers come in different designs and colors. They are also available as embossed. These products are used in both the commercial and hygienic markets. Softness is a crucial property for hygienic tissue. In North America, approximately 9.3 million tons of hygienic tissue are consumed annually.
Generally, tissue paper comes in two forms: single-ply and multi-ply. A single-ply sheet is made up of two or more layers of tissue, while multi-ply sheets are made up of three, four, or six layers.
The strength of the sheet is largely dependent on its fiber-fiber bonding. Breaking these bonds results in lower tensile strength. Tissue papers can also be manufactured using recycled pulp, which is often found in public facilities. However, recycled fibers may contain fillers and strength additives.
Tissue papers are commonly manufactured with bleached kraft hardwood fibers. These fibers have a double aspect ratio, which means they are twice as wide as they are tall. The structure of the tissue sheet is also altered during the creping process, which results in the formation of crepe folds. Crepe folds increase the softness feel and enhance the absorbency of the sheet.
In addition to the chemistry and structure of tissue, the way in which the sheet is pressed during the embossing process also affects its softness. A high creping angle, a high creping frequency, or a high creping angle at the edge of the sheet can also alter the softness feel.
Recent advances in softness measurement use custom-made equipment to characterize softness accurately. The equipment uses an algorithm to calculate other parameters, such as the basis weight of the tissue sheet, and can be used to study the impact of various factors on softness.
Eco-friendliness
Using eco-friendly tissue paper is a great way to reduce your environmental footprint. Most companies use recycled paper, which lowers the carbon footprint of the product. It also requires less energy and water.
Eco-friendly tissue paper is also available in a wide variety of colors, textures, and designs. It’s also extremely lightweight. It can be used for internal wrappings, arts and crafts, and many other uses.
The chemistry behind tissue paper is complex. Chemical additives are used to soften the pulp and to make it stronger. The pulp is then pumped onto large steam-heated containers for drying. Then the paper is packaged for distribution.
Eco-friendly tissue paper can be recycled and composted at the end of its life. Some companies make their tissue from 100% recycled materials. In fact, there are several brands that claim to be toxic-free.
A recent study compared the life cycle of tissues, including their energy usage, materials, and emissions. It also found that single-use tissue is not a good choice for the environment.
In fact, the simplest option is to use biodegradable tissue. These are usually made from plant fibers and are designed to break down faster than conventional paper. They’re also less likely to end up in landfills.
The most efficient option is to recycle your paper. If you’re not sure where to recycle, consult your local recycling center or check with your community. Most cities and towns have a recycling program.
Some eco-friendly tissue papers also contain chemicals that are not good for the environment. These chemicals are not only used during the manufacturing process, but they end up in water and rivers. The chemicals also affect marine life.
A better option is to use bamboo tissue paper. Bamboo is an eco-friendly plant that doesn’t require the use of harmful chemicals to grow.
